ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND PERMISSIONS
There are many people I wish to thank for their invaluable assistance with this project. To begin with, Professor Ian Simmons, author of the superb website Margins of East Fen: Historic Landscape Evolution was kind enough to reply to my emails.
As did Rob Wheeler whose Maps of the Witham Fens from the Thirteenth to the Nineteenth Century is never far from my side. This book is invaluable and I recommend it to all who read this.
Ethel Rudkin’s Notes on the History of Toynton All Saints and Toynton St Peter was the publication that got me started.
The other most valuable book has been William Henry Wheeler’s mammoth volume A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire, being a description of the Rivers Witham and Welland and their Estuary, and an account of the reclamation, drainage, and enclosure of the Fens adjacent thereto. Originally published in 1868 with a Second Edition Greatly Enlarged 1897. I have quoted many passages in my study of the area.
I have found a number of amazing historical documents. The Domesday Book of 1086 contains references to both Toynton St Peter and Toynton All Saints.
From 1548 comes the Great Inquest into the Soke of Bolingbroke. As a result, the Seventy-Two Fen Laws of Common were published the following year.
In Lincolnshire Archives resides from The Surveighe of the Mannour of Toynton carried out in 1614. The study that is Fenland Project No 8: Lincolnshire Survey, The Northern Fen Edge includes a representation of that information in a modern format.
From 1662 comes The history of imbanking and drayning of divers fenns and marshes, both in foreign parts and in this kingdom, and of the improvements thereby extracted from records, manuscripts, and other authentick testimonie by Sir William Dugdale 1605-1686. His work on fen management was first published in 1662, with maps supplied by Wenceslas Hollar.
The Enclosure Act of 1773 for Toynton All Saints and Toynton St Peter is admirably described in Eleanor and Rex C Russell’s Old and New Landscapes in the Horncastle Area. This 1985 publication compares a map of the Open Fields around the villages in 1773 with a map after Enclosure in 1774. It also details the Enclosure Award itself with all the new landowners. I had been unable to trace the descendants of the author to request permission to include certain extracts. However, having published this problem in the Lincolnshire Family History Society Journal, I have received a very kind letter describing how Rex was willing to let anyone use his drawings. It is therefore with appropriate thanks that I acknowledge the work of the author.
The website that is www.lincstothepast.com has been invaluable. Lincolnshire County Council has made a superb searchable index of all their historical records.
Lincolnshire Archives were very helpful and the documents I had ordered were ready for me on my visit this year.
It was Ruth at Lincolnshire Family History Society who unlocked my struggle in tracing my Askew ancestors with the advice “I don’t think there is a surname in the county which will come with more spelling variations”.
My visit to Lincolnshire is described on my blog: easyretirement.blogspot.com and the posting of 11th September 2017.
The family history of the Ascough or Akew family can be found at: https://sites.google.com/site/askewfamilyhistory/
And on the INDEX at freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~davidbbroberts
PERMISSIONS
I have also been granted permission to include extracts from a number of publications as follows:
The Fenland Project No 8: Lincolnshire Survey: The Northern Fen Edge by T W Lane. East Anglian Archaeology Report No 66 1993. Appendix 9 is reproduced with the kind permission of the Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire.
The Agricultural History Review Volume 55 Number 1. The Design for the initial drainage of the Great Level of the Fens by Margaret Albright Knittl. An extract is reproduced with the kind permission of the publisher and author.
English Peasant Farming, The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times by Joan Thirsk. First published in 1957 by Routledge & Keegan Paul Ltd. Reprinted in 1981 by Methuen & Co Ltd. Permission to include extracts has been kindly given by the Taylor and Francis Group, 3 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RN. To purchase the book please go to: https://www.routledge.com/English-Peasant-Farming-The-Agrarian-history-of-Lincolnshire-from-Tudor/Thirsk/p/book/9780415847391
A Short History of Enclosure in Britain – The Land Magazine by Simon Fairlie on the website http://www.thelandmagazine.org.uk/articles/short-history-enclosure-britain. The section on the fens comes from the book above: English Peasant Farming.
The Changing Fenland by H C Darby. Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP. First published by Cambridge University Press in 1983. Acknowledgement granted by Academic Books and Journals, ELT & Education, Cambridge University Press, University Printing House, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS.
Barley, M. W. Lincolnshire and the Fens (1952). Reproduced with kind permission of B. T. Batsford, part of Pavilion Books Company Limited.
The Agricultural Revolution in South Lincolnshire by David Grigg 1966. Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London NW1.
Fenland Riots and the English Revolution by Keith Lindley. Published by Ashgate Publishing Ltd and Heinemann in 1982. An extract reproduced with the kind permission of the publishers.
Skegness Magazine – The Fen Slodgers – 11th May 2013. Website: https://skegness.wordpress.com/2013/05/11/the-fen-slodgers/
There are many people I wish to thank for their invaluable assistance with this project. To begin with, Professor Ian Simmons, author of the superb website Margins of East Fen: Historic Landscape Evolution was kind enough to reply to my emails.
As did Rob Wheeler whose Maps of the Witham Fens from the Thirteenth to the Nineteenth Century is never far from my side. This book is invaluable and I recommend it to all who read this.
Ethel Rudkin’s Notes on the History of Toynton All Saints and Toynton St Peter was the publication that got me started.
The other most valuable book has been William Henry Wheeler’s mammoth volume A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire, being a description of the Rivers Witham and Welland and their Estuary, and an account of the reclamation, drainage, and enclosure of the Fens adjacent thereto. Originally published in 1868 with a Second Edition Greatly Enlarged 1897. I have quoted many passages in my study of the area.
I have found a number of amazing historical documents. The Domesday Book of 1086 contains references to both Toynton St Peter and Toynton All Saints.
From 1548 comes the Great Inquest into the Soke of Bolingbroke. As a result, the Seventy-Two Fen Laws of Common were published the following year.
In Lincolnshire Archives resides from The Surveighe of the Mannour of Toynton carried out in 1614. The study that is Fenland Project No 8: Lincolnshire Survey, The Northern Fen Edge includes a representation of that information in a modern format.
From 1662 comes The history of imbanking and drayning of divers fenns and marshes, both in foreign parts and in this kingdom, and of the improvements thereby extracted from records, manuscripts, and other authentick testimonie by Sir William Dugdale 1605-1686. His work on fen management was first published in 1662, with maps supplied by Wenceslas Hollar.
The Enclosure Act of 1773 for Toynton All Saints and Toynton St Peter is admirably described in Eleanor and Rex C Russell’s Old and New Landscapes in the Horncastle Area. This 1985 publication compares a map of the Open Fields around the villages in 1773 with a map after Enclosure in 1774. It also details the Enclosure Award itself with all the new landowners. I had been unable to trace the descendants of the author to request permission to include certain extracts. However, having published this problem in the Lincolnshire Family History Society Journal, I have received a very kind letter describing how Rex was willing to let anyone use his drawings. It is therefore with appropriate thanks that I acknowledge the work of the author.
The website that is www.lincstothepast.com has been invaluable. Lincolnshire County Council has made a superb searchable index of all their historical records.
Lincolnshire Archives were very helpful and the documents I had ordered were ready for me on my visit this year.
It was Ruth at Lincolnshire Family History Society who unlocked my struggle in tracing my Askew ancestors with the advice “I don’t think there is a surname in the county which will come with more spelling variations”.
My visit to Lincolnshire is described on my blog: easyretirement.blogspot.com and the posting of 11th September 2017.
The family history of the Ascough or Akew family can be found at: https://sites.google.com/site/askewfamilyhistory/
And on the INDEX at freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~davidbbroberts
PERMISSIONS
I have also been granted permission to include extracts from a number of publications as follows:
The Fenland Project No 8: Lincolnshire Survey: The Northern Fen Edge by T W Lane. East Anglian Archaeology Report No 66 1993. Appendix 9 is reproduced with the kind permission of the Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire.
The Agricultural History Review Volume 55 Number 1. The Design for the initial drainage of the Great Level of the Fens by Margaret Albright Knittl. An extract is reproduced with the kind permission of the publisher and author.
English Peasant Farming, The Agrarian History of Lincolnshire from Tudor to Recent Times by Joan Thirsk. First published in 1957 by Routledge & Keegan Paul Ltd. Reprinted in 1981 by Methuen & Co Ltd. Permission to include extracts has been kindly given by the Taylor and Francis Group, 3 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RN. To purchase the book please go to: https://www.routledge.com/English-Peasant-Farming-The-Agrarian-history-of-Lincolnshire-from-Tudor/Thirsk/p/book/9780415847391
A Short History of Enclosure in Britain – The Land Magazine by Simon Fairlie on the website http://www.thelandmagazine.org.uk/articles/short-history-enclosure-britain. The section on the fens comes from the book above: English Peasant Farming.
The Changing Fenland by H C Darby. Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP. First published by Cambridge University Press in 1983. Acknowledgement granted by Academic Books and Journals, ELT & Education, Cambridge University Press, University Printing House, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS.
Barley, M. W. Lincolnshire and the Fens (1952). Reproduced with kind permission of B. T. Batsford, part of Pavilion Books Company Limited.
The Agricultural Revolution in South Lincolnshire by David Grigg 1966. Published by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London NW1.
Fenland Riots and the English Revolution by Keith Lindley. Published by Ashgate Publishing Ltd and Heinemann in 1982. An extract reproduced with the kind permission of the publishers.
Skegness Magazine – The Fen Slodgers – 11th May 2013. Website: https://skegness.wordpress.com/2013/05/11/the-fen-slodgers/